MN Snake Species: Discovering the Serpents of the North Star State

The snake species found in Minnesota include:

• Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)
• Plains Garter Snake (Thamnophis radix)
• Lined Snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum)
• Brown Snake (Storeria)
• Bullsnake (Gophersnake)
• Eastern hognose snake
• Milk snake
• North American Racer (Blue Racer)

There are a total of seventeen snake species in Minnesota, including two rattlesnake species. In addition to snakes, Minnesota is also home to three lizard species.

Minnesota, known for its diverse ecosystems, is home to a rich variety of snake species. This northern state, with its forests and numerous lakes, provides an ideal habitat for these reptiles. Of the several species residing here, two are venomous - the Timber Rattlesnake and the Eastern Massasauga, both primarily found in southeastern counties and rarely encountered.

• The Timber Rattlesnake, known for its distinctive rattle, varies in coloration from yellowish-brown to gray and can grow up to 60 inches in length.
• The Eastern Massasauga, smaller and more reclusive, also features a rattle and prefers wetlands and grasslands.
• The Common Garter Snake is perhaps the most familiar, often spotted in gardens and yards, and is non-venomous.
• Other species include the docile Brown Snake, adaptable to various environments, and the Northern Water Snake, commonly found along rivers.

Minnesota"s snake population reflects the state"s commitment to preserving natural habitats, allowing these species to thrive. Whether venomous or not, each snake plays a crucial role in the local ecosystem, contributing to the balance of nature.

Minnesota hosts a diverse array of snake species, each with unique characteristics. Here we"ll explore some common ones found in the state.

• Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis): Widely found across Minnesota, these snakes are adaptable and identified by their generalist diet and a lifespan of up to 20 years. They have a distinctive appearance with dark tops split by bold yellow stripes and can grow up to 36 inches.
• Lined Snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum): Found in the state"s southwest, this species is known for its slender body and distinctive markings on its underside. It primarily feeds on earthworms and is a nocturnal, semi-fossorial snake.
• Western Fox Snake (Pantherophis vulpinus): Inhabiting grasslands and pastures, these snakes are recognized by their size, up to 5 feet, and carnivorous diet. They mimic rattlesnakes when threatened and mainly feed on rodents and young rabbits.
• Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis): Known for its bright green color, this snake is found in moist areas near water sources and preys almost exclusively on insects and spiders. It hibernates communally during Minnesota"s winters.
• Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi): Commonly seen in areas with high rodent populations, Bullsnakes are large, ranging from 4 to 6 feet. They have distinctive coloration and are known for their aggressive behavior when threatened.
• Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum): This species, part of the kingsnake family, is often found in barns due to the abundance of mice. They are small to medium-sized with a unique color pattern and feed on a variety of prey.
• Eastern Hognose Snake (Heterodon platirhinos): Known for its upturned snout, this snake varies in color and has a distinctive defensive behavior, including spreading its neck like a cobra when threatened.

Each of these species plays an important role in Minnesota"s ecosystems, contributing to the control of rodent and insect populations. Their diverse habitats and behaviors reflect the ecological richness of the state.

Minnesota"s diverse landscapes offer a variety of habitats for its snake population. From forests and prairies to wetlands and urban areas, these habitats shape the behavior and lifestyle of different snake species.

• Forest and Prairie Dwellers: Species like the Bullsnake and Western Fox Snake are often found in grasslands and forest edges. They are known for their rodent-heavy diet and adaptability to various environments.
• Wetland Inhabitants: The Eastern Massasauga, preferring wetlands and grasslands, is a notable species in this habitat. These snakes are reclusive and have a specific preference for moist environments.
• River and Lake Borders: The Northern Water Snake is commonly found along rivers, thriving in areas with abundant aquatic life. They are known for their swimming ability and often bask on rocks near water.
• Urban and Suburban Areas: Common Garter Snakes are adaptable to various environments, including urban areas. They are often spotted in gardens and yards, feeding on a variety of small prey.
• Nocturnal and Burrowing Snakes: Species like the Lined Snake exhibit nocturnal behavior, being most active at night, especially after rain. These snakes prefer burrowing and are seldom seen.
• Seasonal Behavior: Many snake species in Minnesota, such as the Smooth Green Snake, hibernate during winter, seeking shelter in burrows or abandoned anthills, and emerge in spring.

Understanding these habitats and behaviors is crucial for appreciating the role of snakes in Minnesota"s ecosystems and promoting coexistence with these fascinating reptiles.

The conservation status of snake species in Minnesota varies, with some species categorized as of special concern due to their declining populations and habitat threats.

• Lined Snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum): This species has been classified as a species of special concern in Minnesota. Its population is low and has been primarily spotted in one location in the state"s extreme southwest.
• Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum): Listed as "least concern" by the IUCN, the milk snake is widespread throughout the U.S. In Minnesota, it is not considered endangered or threatened.
• Gopher Snake (Pituophis catenifer): Also known as the bullsnake, this species is listed as "least concern" by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. However, local declines have occurred in Minnesota due to habitat destruction.
• Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus): This venomous snake is found in southeastern Minnesota and faces habitat challenges. Conservation efforts are underway to protect its habitat, especially in bluff prairies.

Conservation efforts in Minnesota are crucial for maintaining the biodiversity and ecological balance of the state"s natural habitats, where these snakes play integral roles.

Minnesota"s snake species interact with humans in various ways, largely influenced by their habitats and behaviors. While most of these interactions are harmless, understanding these dynamics is crucial for coexisting with these reptiles.

• General Interaction: The majority of snake species in Minnesota are non-venomous and pose little threat to humans. Encounters often occur in natural settings like hiking trails, near water bodies, or occasionally in suburban areas. It"s important to respect their space and observe them from a safe distance.
• Venomous Snakes: Only two venomous species, the Timber Rattlesnake and the Eastern Massasauga, are found in Minnesota, primarily in the southeastern part of the state. Encounters with these species are rare, and they tend to avoid human interaction. If encountered, it"s crucial to keep a safe distance and not provoke them.
• Safety Tips: When encountering any snake, it"s advised not to handle or provoke it. For property owners, maintaining yards free from debris can minimize unwanted snake visits. If concerns arise, it"s best to contact professional wildlife removal services.
• Education and Appreciation: Public perception of snakes is improving as more people recognize their ecological importance. Educational programs and resources are vital in changing misconceptions and promoting coexistence.

Understanding and respecting snakes" roles in the ecosystem helps in fostering a harmonious relationship between humans and these often-misunderstood creatures.

Many myths and misconceptions surround snakes in Minnesota, leading to misunderstandings about their behavior and characteristics.

• Triangular Headed Snakes Are Venomous: It"s a common myth that venomous snakes can be identified by the shape of their head. However, the shape of a snake"s head is not a reliable indicator of whether it is venomous or not.
• Snakes Have No Bones: Contrary to popular belief, snakes are vertebrates and have hundreds of bones, including a skull, jawbone, and many ribs.
• Snakes Are Slimy: Snakes are often thought to be slimy, but in reality, their skin is completely dry and may be rough or smooth.
• Milk Attracts Snakes: The idea that snakes are attracted to milk is a misconception. Snakes are carnivorous and do not consume milk.
• Snakes Are Blind: Although snakes do not have sharp vision like humans, they are not blind. They have eyes and can see, in addition to having other senses such as heat sensing pits and the ability to sense vibrations.
• Baby Snakes Are More Dangerous Than Adults: It is a misconception that baby snakes are more venomous or dangerous than adults. Adult snakes generally pose a greater threat due to larger venom glands and more experience as hunters.
• Snakes Can Dislocate Their Jaws: While snakes can open their jaws wide to swallow large prey, they do not dislocate their jaws. They have a specialized joint that allows them to stretch their mouth.
• Snakes Are Cold-Blooded: Snakes are indeed cold-blooded, but this does not mean they are always cold. They regulate their body temperature through their environment.
• Snakes Are Evil: Snakes have often been portrayed as evil in various cultures, but they are simply animals that play vital roles in their ecosystems.

Dispelling these myths is important for understanding and appreciating the role of snakes in the environment and promoting their conservation.

In Minnesota, the majority of snake species are harmless to humans, with only two venomous snakes present: the Timber Rattlesnake and the Eastern Massasauga, both of which are rare and typically found in southeastern counties. The most commonly encountered snake in Minnesota is the non-venomous common garter snake. It"s essential to be cautious and respectful of all wildlife, including snakes.

Identifying Venomous Snakes

Understanding the difference between venomous and non-venomous snakes is crucial for safety. Venomous snakes in Minnesota have distinctive features, such as a triangular head and a rattle at the end of the tail for rattlesnakes.

Preventing Snake Bites

• Avoid walking barefoot or sticking your hands where you can"t see, such as in tall grass, piles of leaves, or rocks.
• Wear sturdy boots and gloves when hiking or working in areas where snakes may be present.
• Be vigilant and watch your step, especially in natural areas where snakes are likely to be found.

What To Do If Bitten

1. Remain calm and move away from the snake.
2. Seek medical attention immediately, even if the bite is from a non-venomous snake, to prevent infection or other complications.
3. While waiting for medical help, keep the bitten area lower than the heart and remove any tight clothing or jewelry near the bite.
4. Avoid tourniquets, cutting the wound, or attempting to suck out the venom.

Living Harmoniously with Snakes

Snakes play a vital role in the ecosystem by controlling rodent populations and other pests. Encountering a snake in the wild should not be a cause for alarm. Most snakes prefer to avoid humans and will only bite if they feel threatened. By respecting their space and following safety precautions, we can coexist peacefully with these fascinating reptiles.

Snakes in Minnesota play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. These reptiles, often misunderstood, contribute significantly to the health of various ecosystems in the state.

Predation and Population Control

• Many snake species, such as the Eastern Milk Snake and Bullsnake, feed on small rodents, helping to control their populations and prevent overgrazing of vegetation.
• Some, like the Eastern Hognose Snake, specialize in preying on amphibians, which aids in maintaining a balanced food web.
• Smooth Greensnakes, with their diet of insects and spiders, help control pest populations, benefiting agricultural and garden environments.

Prey for Other Wildlife

Snakes themselves are a vital food source for a variety of predators, including birds of prey and larger mammals, thereby supporting the food chain.

Indicators of Environmental Health

As sensitive creatures to changes in their habitat, snakes act as bioindicators. The presence and health of snake populations can signal the overall health of an ecosystem.

Soil Aeration and Seed Dispersal

• Some snakes, like the Plains Hog-nosed Snake, are burrowers and contribute to soil aeration, which is beneficial for plant growth.
• Through their movement across different areas, snakes inadvertently assist in seed dispersal, aiding in plant propagation.

Contribution to Biodiversity

The variety of snake species in Minnesota adds to the state"s biodiversity. Each species, from the docile Lined Snake to the active Blue Racer, plays a unique role in its specific habitat.

In conclusion, snakes are an integral part of Minnesota"s ecosystems. Their roles in predation, prey, environmental indicators, and contributors to soil and plant health highlight the importance of conserving these often-misunderstood creatures.

This guide provides a visual reference for identifying snakes found in Minnesota. The state is home to a variety of snake species, each with unique characteristics.

Common Snake Species

• Common Garter Snake: Known for its distinctive stripe pattern. Common in gardens and near water bodies.
• Eastern Hognose Snake: Recognizable by its upturned snout, used for burrowing. Its coloration varies greatly, ranging from green, brown, gray, black, orange, or red.
• Lined Snake: Resembles garter snakes, with three pale stripes and a unique ventral pattern of two rows of black half-moon scales.
• Milk Snake: Small to medium-sized, with contrasting patterns of large, brown or reddish splotches on a grey or tan background.
• Blue Racer: Noted for its vibrant blue body and swift movement. Prefers habitats near water.
• Northern Water Snake: Common near wetlands, lakes, streams, and ponds, with dark splotches and bands on a lighter background.

Venomous Snakes

While most Minnesota snakes are harmless, there are two venomous species:

• Timber Rattlesnake: Heavy-bodied with a characteristic rattle on the tail. Coloration varies from yellowish-brown to almost black with dark crossbands.
• Eastern Massasauga: Smaller and rarer, found primarily in southeastern counties.

Identification of snakes can be tricky, and it is always advised to maintain a safe distance from any wild snake. For more detailed information and pictures, refer to the Minnesota DNR website and other dedicated resources.

For those interested in delving deeper into the fascinating world of snakes found in Minnesota, a number of resources are available to enhance your knowledge and understanding of these reptiles.

Online Resources

• Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR): Offers comprehensive information on snake species in Minnesota, their habitats, and guidelines for coexistence.
• Reptile Jam: Features detailed descriptions of various snake species in Minnesota, along with pictures for easy identification.
• Bird Watching HQ: Provides an identification guide for different snakes in Minnesota, including insights into their habitats and behaviors.

Books and Publications

For a more in-depth study, consider these books which are great resources for learning about Minnesota"s snakes:

• "Amphibians and Reptiles in Minnesota" by John J. Moriarty and Carol D. Hall. This book is an excellent resource for understanding the different reptile and amphibian species found in Minnesota.
• Minnesota DNR offers a downloadable guide titled "Snakes and Lizards of Minnesota," which is available on their website.

Local Organizations and Societies

Joining local herpetological societies or wildlife conservation groups can also be a great way to learn more and get involved in local conservation efforts.

These resources provide a solid foundation for anyone interested in the study and appreciation of snakes in Minnesota, from casual observers to serious herpetologists.

Explore the diverse world of Minnesota"s snakes, where each species plays a vital role in the ecosystem. This guide offers a window into their fascinating lives, ensuring safe and informed interactions with these remarkable reptiles.